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Numbers or words that indicate quantity with nouns

When you use a number or any word that indicates quantity before a noun,
use the singular form of the noun.

Examples
1. Two cars
iki + araba becomes iki araba. The expression (iki arabalar) is wrong.
2. Five friends
beş + arkadaş becomes beş arkadaş. The expression (beş arkadaşlar) is wrong.
3. Many houses
çok + ev becomes çok ev. The expression (çok evler) is wrong.
4. How many pieces?
kaç + tane becomes kaç tane? The expression (kaç taneler) is wrong.

Exception: The word bazı (some) is always followed by a plural i.e. bazı insanlar (some people)

Demonstrative adjectives with nouns

In English, there are four demonstrative adjectives. This and that are used with singular nouns, and these and those are used with plural nouns. In Turkish, all demonstrative adjectives are singular.

Examples
1. These students
bu + öğrenci becomes bu öğrenciler. The expression (bunlar öğrenciler) is wrong.
2. Those(near) dogs
şu + köpek becomes şu köpekler. The expression (şunlar köpekler) is wrong.
3. Those(far) clouds
o + bulut becomes o bulutlar. The expression (onlar bulutlar) is wrong.

Adjectives

In Turkish, adjectives do not have number*. In Turkish, you can form a plural noun by adding ler or lar.

Examples
1. Singular: güzel kız (beautiful girl) -> Plural: güzel kızlar (beautiful girls)
2. Singular: iyi çocuk (good child) -> Plural: iyi çocuklar (good children).
3. Singular: dar sokak (narrow street) -> Plural: dar sokaklar (narrow streets).

*Exception: possessive pronouns onların/bizim/sizin

Verbs

A. When a plural third-person subject is human, you can use a singular or plural verb.
Examples
1. The visitors came
misafir + gelmek becomes misafirler geldi or misafirler geldiler.
2. The workers are working
işçi + çalışmak becomes işçiler çalışıyor or işçiler çalışıyorlar.
3. The children are eating
çocuk + yemek becomes çocuklar yiyor or çocuklar yiyorlar.

B. When a plural third-person subject is not human, use a singular verb.
Examples
1. The cats are drinking water
kedi + su + içmek becomes kediler su içiyor. The expression (kediler su içiyorlar) is wrong.
2. The airplanes are flying
uçak + uçmak becomes uçaklar uçuyor. The expression (uçaklar uçuyorlar) is wrong.
3. The trousers are sold
pantolon + satılmak becomes pantolonlar satılıyor. The expression (pantolonlar satılıyorlar) is wrong.